standard basis
The photobiological safety testing of the light incubator is carried out in accordance with GB/T 20145-2006 "Photobiological Safety of Lamps and
Lamp Systems", which is equivalent to the international standard IEC 62471 (CIE S 009/E: 2002) and is suitable for evaluating the potential photobiological
hazards of all incoherent broadband electric light sources (including LED, excluding laser) in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 3000 nm to the eyes and skin.
Scope of application defined
As a lighting device with built-in light source, the light incubator belongs to the category of "lamp system" covered by the standard. The test needs to
comprehensively evaluate the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation emitted by the equipment under normal working conditions, to ensure that the
incubator and operators are not harmed by light radiation under long-term or short-term exposure conditions.
Core testing projects
Irradiance measurement: Measure the radiation flux density per unit area of the illuminated surface of the light source at a standard test distance
(usually 200 mm – 300 mm) to evaluate the exposure level of the skin, cornea, and lens of the eye.
Radiance assessment: Measuring the radiation flux per unit projected area and unit solid angle of a light source is a core parameter for determining
retinal hazards, especially blue light hazards.
Light source size and chord angle measurement: Measure the physical size of the emitting surface and the angle of view (chord angle α) of the apparent
light source to the observer's eyes. This parameter directly affects the calculation model and risk level classification of retinal hazards.
Hazard types and risk levels
The standard divides photobiohazards into four categories, and the light incubator needs to be evaluated item by item:
Non hazardous class (RG0): It will not cause photobiological hazards even under extreme usage conditions. Blue light weighted radiance ≤ 100 W · m ⁻² · sr ⁻¹.
Low risk category (RG1): It does not pose a hazard under normal exposure conditions, but there may be risks associated with prolonged exposure. Blue light
weighted radiance ≤ 1 × 10 ⁴ W · m ⁻² · sr ⁻¹.
Medium risk category (RG2): Under normal exposure conditions, it may cause discomfort or glare to the eyes, with a blue light weighted radiance
of ≤ 4 × 10 ⁶ W · m ⁻² · sr ⁻¹.
High risk category (RG3): can cause serious eye damage in a short period of time, with blue light weighted radiance>4 × 10 ⁶ W · m ⁻² · sr ⁻¹.
The hazard dimensions that the light incubator focuses on
Retinal blue light hazard: If the light incubator uses LED or fluorescent light sources, the blue light peak in the 400nm-500nm wavelength range is the
primary evaluation object. Long term exposure may lead to photochemical damage to the retina. Testing requires calculating the blue light weighted
radiance LB or blue light weighted irradiance EB, and comparing them with the RG0/RG1 limits.
UV radiation hazard: Detect the UV output of the light source in the range of 200 nm to 400 nm, evaluate the photochemical damage to the skin and
the near UV hazard to the eyes (315 nm to 400 nm). Even with low intensity, long-term cumulative exposure may still cause erythema or photoaging.
Infrared thermal hazard: Evaluate the risk of retinal thermal injury and skin thermal burns in response to infrared radiation in the 780nm-3000 nm
wavelength range from the light source. If the light incubator uses halogen lamps or high-power LEDs, this is particularly critical.
Skin heat hazard: Measure the irradiance on the surface of the skin to ensure that it will not cause skin burns due to the accumulation of infrared
radiation at normal use distances.
Sample preparation requirements
The submitted samples should be in the final market state, including all components such as the drive power supply, heat dissipation system, and
optical lens, to ensure that the test data is representative. Suggest providing no less than 3 samples to verify data reproducibility. The sample should
have no obvious appearance defects and should not be artificially modified.
Test environment conditions
The test needs to be conducted in a standard darkroom with an ambient temperature controlled at 23 ℃± 5 ℃ to avoid spectral drift caused by temperature
fluctuations. Before measurement, the sample needs to be preheated with electricity for 15-30 minutes, and data can only be collected after the light output
is stable. The testing equipment includes a high-resolution spectral radiometer (resolution ≤ 1 nm, wavelength coverage of 360 nm-830 nm or wider), an
integrating sphere (over Φ 150 mm), and a dedicated UV detector.
Summary of Testing Process
Firstly, confirm the basic information such as sample model, spectral range, working mode, and rated power, and develop a targeted testing plan.
Subsequently, spectral radiometer and integrating sphere were used to collect spectral data in the full range of 200 nm to 3000 nm, and the weighted
values of various hazard indicators were calculated. Then compare the measured values with the standard exposure limit to determine the risk level.
The final preparation includes a formal testing report that includes the testing basis, original spectral curve, calculation process, risk level conclusion,
and sample description.
Compliance assessment recommendations
For devices such as light incubators that may involve close range manipulation of biological samples or personnel, it is recommended that the target
level reach at least RG1 (low hazard), and ideally should meet RG0 (no hazard). If the product uses high blue light LEDs or high-power light sources, it
is necessary to add diffusion plates, filters, or increase the output distance in the structural design to reduce the weighted radiance of retinal blue light
hazards. The testing report should be an important component of the product technical documentation, used to meet market supervision, e-commerce
platform compliance, and bidding requirements.
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